Rufino Tamayo (Mexican, 1899–1991) was a painter, sculptor, and printmaker. 

Tamayo began studying art at Escuela Nacional de Artes Plasticas in San Carlos in 1917. During his time there, he was influenced by Impressionism, Cubism, and Fauvism. Due to dissatisfaction with his studies, Tamayo left school and went to work for Jose Vasconcelos (Mexican, 1882–1959) at the Department of Ethnographic Drawings in 1921. He was eventually promoted to the head of his department. 
Tamayo’s artwork frequently profiles images associated with the Zapotec heritage. Between the years of 1925 and 1991, Tamayo produced a number of graphic art pieces that consisted of etchings, lithographs, woodcuts, and Mixografia prints. Mixografia was the name given to an art technique created by Tamayo and a fellow Mexican painter that combined prints with three-dimensional textures. In 1935, Tamayo joined the Liga de Escritores y Artistas Revolucionarios (LEAR).  Along with four other artists, Tamayo was chosen to represent his art in the first American Artists’ Congress in New York. 
In 1981, the Tamayo Contemporary Art Museum opened in Mexico City. Tamayo’s work has been exhibited worldwide in museums including the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum in New York, the Naples Museum of Art in Naples, Florida, The Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofia in Madrid, Spain, and the Phillips Collection in Washington.

The artist died in Mexico City on June 24, 1991.